Class time: 9:30-11:30 am, Thursdays (starting Aug. 24)
Class location: NSSL Main Conference Room (first floor)
Prerequisites: Permission of Instructor
Register under section 028 for 1-3 credits. The grading is S/U.
This course will be primarily reading and discussion on synoptic-scale influences on convection. Topics to be covered will depend on those enrolled, but may include the following: spatial and temporal climatology of deep moist convection, convection in the desert Southwest, synoptic-scale effects on convection, observations of convection.
August 24:
An Overview of Convection and Synoptics
Doswell (2001):
Severe Convective Storms -- An Overview
Doswell and Bosart (2001): Extratropical
Synoptic-Scale Processes and Severe Convection
August 31: Cyclone Workshop-Schultz out of town: Jack Kain guest-moderates
Doswell (1982): The Operational Meteorology of Convective Weather
Volume I: Operational Mesoanalysis. NOAA Tech Memo NWS NSSFC-5
Johns and Doswell (1992): Severe local storms forecasting. WAF, 7, 588-612.
Doswell et al. (1996): Flash flood forecasting: An ingredients-based
methodology. WAF, 11, 560-581.
September 7:
Convection Climatology: Big Picture
Hsu and Wallace (1976): The global distribution of the annual and semiannual cycles in precipitation. MWR, 104, 1093-1101.
Garreaud and Wallace (1997): The diurnal march of convective
cloudiness over the Americas. MWR, 125, 3157-3171.
Iskenderian (1995): A 10-year climatology of Northern Hemispheric
tropical cloud plumes and their composite flow patterns. J. Climate, 8, 1630-1637.
Laing and Fritsch (1997): The global populations of mesoscale convective complexes. QJRMS, 123, 389-405.
Laing and Fritsch (2000): The large-scale environments of the global populations of mesoscale convective complexes. MWR, 128, 2756-2776.
September 14:
Convection Climatology of U.S.
Wallace (1975): Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm
frequency over the conterminous U.S. MWR, 103, 406-419.
Changnon (1988a,b): Climatography of thunder events in the
conterminous U.S. Parts I and II. J. Climate, 1, 389-398, 399-405.
Karl and Knight (1998): Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in the United States. BAMS, 79, 231-241.
September 21:Convective Initiation
Fulks (1951): The Instability Line. Compendium of Meteorology. Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Newton (1963): Dynamics of Severe Convective Storms. Severe Local Storms Monograph, 5(27), Amer. Meteor. Soc., 33-58.
Beebe and Bates, 1955: A mechanism for assisting in the release of convective instability. MWR, 83, 1-10.
Beebe, R., 1958: Tornado proximity soundings. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
39, 195-201.
September 28: Schultz out of town: Prof. Jim Moore guest
moderates
Great Plains Elevated Mixed Layers
Carlson et al., 1983: Elevated mixed layers in the severe storm
environment---Conceptual model and case studies. MWR, 111, 1453-1473.
Lanicci, John M., Thomas T. Warner, 1991: A Synoptic Climatology of
the Elevated Mixed-Layer Inversion over the Southern Great
Plains in Spring. Part I: Structure, Dynamics, and Seasonal
Evolution. Weather and Forecasting: Vol. 6, No. 2,
pp. 181-197.
Lanicci, John M., Thomas T. Warner, 1991: A
Synoptic Climatology of the Elevated Mixed-Layer Inversion over
the Southern Great Plains in Spring. Part II: The Life Cycle of the Lid. Vol. 6, No. 2,
pp. 198-213.
Lanicci, John M., Thomas T. Warner, 1991: A
Synoptic Climatology of the Elevated Mixed-Layer Inversion over
the Southern Great Plains in Spring. Part III: Relationship to
Severe-Storms Climatology. Weather and Forecasting: Vol. 6, No.
2, pp. 214-226.
October 5: Schultz out of town: Dave Stensrud guest moderates
Low-Level Jets
Stensrud (1996): Importance
of Low-Level Jets to Climate: A Review. J. Climate, 9,
1698-1711.
Bonner (1968): Climatology of the low-level jet. MWR, 96, 833-850.
Hoecker (1963): Three southerly low-level jet streams delineated by
the Weather Bureau special pibal network of 1961. MWR, 91,
573-582.
Rasmussen (1967): Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water
balance of North America. Part I: Characteristics of the water vapor
flux field. MWR, 95, 403-426.
Thompson et al. (1994): Autumnal
return of tropical air to the Gulf of Mexico's coastal plain. WAF,
9, 348-360.
Higgins et al (1997): Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on
summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central U.S.
J. Climate, 10, 481-507.
October 12: Elevated Convection
Colman (1990): Thunderstorms above frontal surfaces in environments
without positive CAPE. Part I: A climatology. MWR, 118,
1103-1121.
Colman (1990): Thunderstorms above frontal surfaces in environments
without positive CAPE. Part II: Organization and instability
mechanisms. MWR, 118, 1123-1144.
Williams (1991): Comments on "Thunderstorms above frontal surfaces in
environments without positive CAPE. Part I: A climatology." MWR, 119,
2511-2513.
Colman, Bradley R., 1991: Reply.
Monthly Weather Review: Vol. 119, No. 10, pp. 2514-2514.
Moore et al., 1998: Heavy precipitation associated with elevated thunderstorms formed in a convectively unstable layer aloft. Meteorol. Applications, 5, 373-384.
October 19:Convection and Extratropical Cyclones
Uccellini, 1990: Processes contributing to the rapid development of
extratropical cyclones. Extratropical Cyclones, The Erik Palmen
Memorial Volume, C. W. Newton and E. O. Holopainen, Eds.,
Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81-105.
Browning, K. A., 1990: Organization of clouds and precipitation in
extratropical cyclones. Extratropical Cyclones, The Erik
Palmen Memorial Volume, C. W. Newton and E. O. Holopainen,
Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 129-153.
Dickinson, M. J., L. F. Bosart, W. E. Bracken, G. J. Hakim,
D. M. Schultz, M. A. Bedrick, and K. R. Tyle, 1997: The March 1993
Superstorm cyclogenesis: Incipient phase synoptic- and
convective-scale flow interaction and model performance. Monthly
Weather Review, 125, 3041-3072. |PDF
FILE|
October 26: North American Monsoon and Jim Moore seminar
Barlow, Mathew, Sumant Nigam, Ernesto H. Berbery, 1998: Evolution
of the North American Monsoon System. Journal of Climate:
Vol. 11, No. 9, pp. 2238-2257.
Douglas, Machael W., Robert A. Maddox,, Kenneth Howard, Sergio Reyes ,
1993: The
Mexican Monsoon. Journal of Climate: Vol. 6, No. 8,
pp. 1665-1678.
Higgins, R. W., Y. Yao, X. L. Wang, 1997: Influence
of the North American Monsoon System on the U.S. Summer
Precipitation Regime. Journal of Climate: Vol. 10, No. 10,
pp. 2600-2622.
November 2: Arizona Convection: Dave Schultz out of town.
Mike Douglas Guest Moderates
Maddox, Robert A., Darren M. McCollum, Kenneth W. Howard, 1995:
Large-Scale Patterns Associated with Severe Summertime
Thunderstorms over Central Arizona. Weather and Forecasting:
Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 763-778.
Wallace, Clinton E., Robert A. Maddox, Kenneth W. Howard, 1999:
Summertime Convective Storm Environments in Central Arizona: Local
Observations. Weather and Forecasting: Vol. 14, No. 6,
pp. 994-1006.
Carleton, A. M., 1986: Synoptic-dynamic character of bursts and
breaks in the southwest U.S. summer precipitation singularity. J.
Climatology, 6, 605-623. (pages 617-623 optional).
November 9:
Orographic Convective Initiation and Brad Smull seminar
Banta (1990): The Role of Mountain Flows in Making Clouds.
Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain, W. Blumen, Ed.,
Amer. Meteor. Soc., 229-283
November 16: Orographic Convective Initiation (continued)
Banta and Schaaf (1987): Thunderstorm genesis zones in the Colorado
Rocky Mountains as determined by traceback of geosynchronous satellite
images. MWR, 115, 463-476.
Haiden (2000): Mountain cumulus initiation along the Colorado Front
Range. Ninth Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Aspen, Colorado,
Amer. Meteor. Soc., 352-354.
November 23: Thanksgiving
November 30: Microscale Effects
Austin, 1948: A note on cumulus growth in a nonsaturated
environment. J. Meteor., 5, 103-107.
Yuter, Sandra E., Robert A. Houze Jr., 1995: Three-Dimensional
Kinematic and Microphysical Evolution of Florida
Cumulonimbus. Part
I: Spatial Distribution of Updrafts, Downdrafts, and
Precipitation. Monthly Weather Review: Vol. 123, No. 7,
pp. 1921-1940.
Yuter, Sandra E., Robert A. Houze Jr., 1995: Three-Dimensional
Kinematic and Microphysical Evolution of Florida
Cumulonimbus. Part
II: Frequency Distributions of Vertical Velocity, Reflectivity,
and Differential Reflectivity. Monthly Weather Review:
Vol. 123, No. 7, pp. 1941-1963.
Yuter, Sandra E., Robert A. Houze Jr., 1995: Three-Dimensional
Kinematic and Microphysical Evolution of Florida
Cumulonimbus. Part
III: Vertical Mass Transport, Maw Divergence, and
Synthesis. Monthly Weather Review: Vol. 123, No. 7,
pp. 1964-1983.
December 7:
Miscellaneous Topics and Where Do We Go From Here?
Roebber, P.J. and L.F. Bosart, 1998: The
sensitivity of precipitation to circulation details. Part I: An
analysis of regional analogues. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 437-455.
Bryan, George H., Michael J. Fritsch, 2000:
Moist Absolute Instability: The Sixth Static Stability State.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: Vol. 81,
No. 6, pp. 1207-1230.
Fritsch et al. (1998): Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting: Report
of the Eight Prospectus Team, U.S. Weather Research Program. BAMS,
79, 285-299.
Synoptic climatology
Heideman and Fritsch, 1988: Forcing mechanisms and other characteristics of significant summertime precipitation. WAF, 3, 115-130.
Epstein and Barnston 1990: A precipitation climatology of 5-day periods.
Hagemeyer 1991: A lower-tropospheric thermodynamic climatology for March through September: Some implications for thunderstorm forecasting.
Winkler et al. 1988: Seasonal variations in the diurnal characteristics of heavy hourly precipitation across the United States.
Brooks and Stensrud, 2000: Climatology of Heavy Rain Events in the United States from Hourly Precipitation Observations.
Observations of convection
Stensrud, D.J., 1996: Effects of a persistent, midlatitude mesoscale region of convection on the large-scale environment during the warm season.
Stensrud, D.J., and R.A. Maddox, 1988: Opposing mesoscale circulations: A case study.
Yuter and Houze 1995: Three-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. Parts I, II, and III.
Forecasting the mode of convection
OU Academic Integrity Website: http://www.ou.edu/provost/integrity/
Return to the David Schultz's Homepage.
David Schultz
david.schultz@noaa.gov
Last update: 16 November 2000
Number of hits: (initiated 4/26/00).